Maine Native American
History
This series of blogs was
inspired by my brother, Ted, and my niece, Brenda Sylvester Peabody. When Ted
was researching his wife’s family history he came to a dead end quickly. His
wife, Nat, is of Native American descent and the history of her family just
wasn’t there. My niece Brenda, in researching our family history came across a
possible Native American connection. Again the information was very sparse.
Therefore, I decided to
try a little research of my own. I must say the information I found was overwhelming
at first. I cannot call myself a Native American historian by any means based
on the information presented here. It will only serve to make us aware of our
Indian history in Maine. I will give you further avenues of research if you so
desire to further your studies beyond this blog presentation, including
information for children to use to learn about Maine Indians.
Some of the information
I found was disturbing. As kids in school we were never fully informed of the
true life that our Indians led amongst us. Before the Europeans came to North
America, the Indians fared quite well. They thought they could trade with the
Europeans who came to their shores in the same manner in which they traded
amongst themselves. They were wrong and the consequences were not good.
In a later blog I will
discuss a very disturbing YouTube video I found comparing what is called the “American
Holocaust of the Native American Indians” to Hitler’s holocaust during WWII. It
was said that he used our treatment of the Indians as a model for his treatment
of the Jews in Europe. I will discuss those comparisons later.
I must say that in
viewing several videos, I was struck by the obvious knowledge of the Indian
people who were speaking. They presented their point of view in a way that will
make you think and respect their culture. They were articulate and were obviously
true historians of their own history.
So let’s start at the
beginning. Did you know that Indians were living in Maine long before the
pyramids were ever built? They traversed the Siberian land bridge and inhabited
American continents before the Europeans discovered the area. Here’s some
information I found that pre-dates the appearance of Europeans upon our shores.
By the way, the name “Indian” was given to the native people by Columbus
because he thought he had landed in the East Indies, thus concluding that the
people he found here were “Indians.”
Some 40,000 years ago,
just after the Ice Age, the Paleo Indians came to the coast of Maine. They were
big roamers who roamed from Mexico, through the United States, and Canada. Only
traces of them remain in the form of large stone tips presumably used to kill
the animals of the Stone Age, like mammoths, giant bisons, mastodons and the
like. Some of these artifacts date back 11,000 years. The Paleo Indians roamed
in Maine for about 2,000 years.
Then about 8,000 years
ago, the Archaic Indians appeared. They used smaller tips because the previous
huge animals hunted by the Paleos were now extinct.
The Red Paint (or Red
Clay) people lived and flourished here 4,000 years ago. They once lived on
Vinalhaven. They were so called because of the red clay found in their graves
which was stained red by iron oxide. It is said they carried that clay from Mt.
Katahdin. They may have been the first Indians to fish in the choppy ocean. Few
skulls or skeletons have been found because of the acidity of Maine’s soil.
Their history has been entirely lost.
2,500 years ago saw the
Ceramic People arriving and establishing the first year round communities. They
were the first peoples to make ceramics and many remnants of their pots have
been found. They were farmers and lived inland most of the time, but in the
summer they would travel by canoe (they made the first birch-bark canoes) to
the islands. Here they would fish for winter food. They were a sociable people
and great mounds of ancient oyster shells can be found along the Damariscotta
River. On their migration up and down the river they would visit sometimes for
weeks enjoying huge reunions.
Some of those Indians
came to Matinicus and after the Europeans came there was continued violence,
which I have reported before. A struggle for possession ensued with Ebenezer
Hall, a squatter, in which he was scalped. There was also a lot of pirate
activity.
Brenda’s Indian
connection to our family may fit in here. I will quote her: “Mary Bloom is
rumored to be a Native American woman who while living on Matinicus was
captured and sold, lost touch with her family—all but the son, Joseph. The
family all were massacred as retaliation for something her husband had done (he
was white). Eventually she found her way back.”
Here
is a map of Indian tribes in Maine before the Europeans arrived.
The next blog of Maine
Native American History will begin with the arrival of Europeans to North
American soil and what that meant to the future of the Indians living here.
Thanks for listening.