The
First Thanksgiving, 1621,
oil on canvas by Jean Leon Gerome
Ferris, 1899.
From Google.
We
Remember November
November just seems to
whiz by us as we anticipate the big holiday for many of us, Christmas, which
comes too soon after Thanksgiving in November. There are four dates I always
remember in this month: Veteran’s Day on November 11; Thanksgiving on the third
Thursday; Nov. 22, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy; and the
first Tuesday in the month, when we vote.
Throughout history we
have seen many events occur in November. The following I found on a site called
www.historyplace.com. Please visit there if you want to
peruse the complete list. I have divided this piece into “Politics,”
“Historical Events,” “In the News,” and “Notable Birthdays.” Of course there
will be crossovers, but I leave that to you, the reader.
Politics
November
8, 1860-Abraham
Lincoln becomes the 16th U.S. President, the first Republican
November
7, 1944-Franklin D.
Roosevelt elected to his fourth term, defeating Thomas Dewey, who died on April
12, 1945.
November
13, 1956-The U.S. Supreme
Court ruled that racial segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. Our
thanks to Rosa Parks for being so brave in the first place.
November
15, 1777-The Articles
of Confederation adopted by the Continental Congress.
November
17, 1800-Congress
meets for the first time in the new capitol in Washington. John Adams becomes
the first resident of the Executive Mansion, later named the White House.
November
19, 1998-The U.S.
House of Representatives begin an impeachment inquiry of President Bill Clinton.
It was only the third such proceeding—the others being President Andrew Johnson
in 1868 and President Nixon in 1974.
November
20, 1789-New Jersey
is the first state to ratify the “Bill of Rights”.
Historical
Events
November
2, 1947-The one and
only flight of Howard Hughes’ “Spruce Goose” which was called a flying boat. It
flew about a mile at an altitude of 70 feet in Long Beach Harbor, California.
It weighed 200 tons and was the largest airplane designed by Hughes. It became
a tourist attraction along with the Queen Mary at Long Beach and has since been
moved to Oregon.
November
7, 1885-The Canadian
Pacific, Canada’s first transcontinental railway is completed in British
Columbia.
November
8, 1895-X-rays are
discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen at the University of Wuerzburg in Germany.
November
9, 1918-Kaiser
Wilhelm II abdicates the throne in Germany and flees to Holland.
November
9-10, 1938-Kristallnacht
(the night of broken glass) occurs in Germany. Nazi mobs burn synagogues and
vandalize Jewish shops and homes.
November
9, 1989-The Berlin
Wall is opened which stood for 28 years as a symbol of the Cold War.
November
10, 1928-Hirohito is
crowned Emperor of Japan. After Japan’s defeat in WWII he was allowed to stay
and was emperor until he died in 1989.
November
11-Veteran’s Day in
the U.S., formerly called Armistice Day.
November
11, 1972-The U.S.
turns over Long Binh military base to the South Vietnamese, ending our military
participation in the Vietnam War.
November
17, 1869-The Suez
Canal opens
November
19, 1863-Abraham
Lincoln delivers the “Gettysburg Address” at ceremonies dedicating the
“Gettysburg Battlefield” as a National Cemetery.
November
19, 1868- 172 suffragists,
including four African American women, attempting to vote in New Jersey to test
the 14th Amendment are turned away. Instead they vote in a “women’s
ballot box” overseen by Quaker Margaret Pryer.
November
20, 1945- The Nuremberg
War Crime Trials begin. 24 former leaders of Nazi Germany were charged with war
crimes.
November
22, 1963-The
assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas.
November
24, 1859-On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a book by scientist Charles Darwin
began the biggest scientific debate in history because he theorized that all
living creatures descended from a common ancestor. Religious factions have
fought this battle since it was first published in this year.
November
26, 1789-President
George Washington declares the first American holiday to be called Thanksgiving
Day, a day of prayer and thanksgiving for the successful founding of the
country.
November
29, 1947-Palestine is
split into Jewish and Arab land by the U.N. General Assembly which resulted in
the establishment of the Jewish state of Israel the next year.
November
30, 1792-A
provisional peace treaty between Great Britain and the United States brought
forth the end of the “War of Independence” or what we call the “Revolutionary
War.”
In
The News
These events undoubtedly
became the headlines of the day on which they occurred.
November
1, 1950-President
Harry S Truman was targeted for assassination by two members of a Puerto Rican
nationalist movement.
November
1, 1995-The first
local government elections which included all races occurs in South Africa
which ended the apartheid system. South Africa had been boycotted for years
because of their racial policies.
November
2, 1962-The Cuban
Missile Crisis. President Kennedy’s quote of the day: “The Soviet bases in Cuba
are being dismantled, their missiles and related equipment being crated, and
the fixed installations at these sites are being destroyed.”
November
3, 1948-The Chicago Tribune
incorrectly reports that Thomas Dewey beat out Harry S Truman for the
presidency.
November
3, 1957-Russia’s
“Sputnik II,” is launched carrying a dog named Laika.
November
9, 1965-The great
“black out” in the Northeast which affected over 30 million people. It also
affected Ontario and Quebec. It all began with a tripped circuit breaker at a
power plant on the Niagara River which caused a chain reaction.
November
19, 1978-The biggest
suicide in numbers occurs in Jonestown, Guyana. The followers of Reverend Jim
Jones, including children, are made to drink cool-aid laced with cyanide. Some
members had to be injected when they refused. Jones and his mistress killed
themselves after they watched all the members die. California Congressman Leo
Ryan and four associates and some reporters were shot to death also as they
tried to leave the area at a nearby airstrip after an inspection of the
compound on behalf of concerned citizens back home in the U.S.. Only a few
members survived.
November
20, 1947-Britain’s
Princess Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth II, marries Philip Mountbatten.
November
28, 1934-“Baby Face
Nelson,” a notorious bank robber in the U.S., is killed by F.B.I. agents in
Barrington, Illinois.
November
24, 1969-The U.S.
Army charges Lt. William Calley with premeditated murder in the massacre of
civilians in My Lai, in Vietnam, in 1968. He is eventually convicted and
sentenced to life in prison. However, President Nixon commuted his sentence to
three years of house arrest.
Notable
Birthdays
Here is a partial list
of notable birthdays that occurred in November.
November,
1879-American
humorist Will Rogers in Oologah, Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.
November,
1916-Journalist and
eventual anchor for CBS News, Walter Cronkite, in St. Joseph, Missouri.
November,
1854-Conductor known
for his march music, John Philip Sousa, in Washington, D.C.
November
1861-The inventor of
the game of basketball, James Naismith, in Almonte, Ontario, Canada.
November
1867-The chemist,
Marie Curie, who discovered Radium with her husband, in Warsaw, Poland. They received
the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903.
November
7, 1918-Evangelist
Billy Graham, near Charlotte, North Carolina
November
1656-Astronomer and
mathematician Edmund Halley for whom Halley’s Comet is named, in London.
November
1853-Architect
Stanford White, designer of Madison Square Garden among other edifices, in New
York City.
November
1918-Spiro Agnew,
Vice President under Nixon, in Baltimore, Maryland. He resigned under charges
of tax evasion on kickbacks he received while he was governor of Maryland and
even when he became Vice President.
November
1847-Bram Stoker,
author of Dracula, in Dublin, Ireland
November
1900-Margaret
Mitchell, author of Gone With the Wind, in
Atlanta, Georgia
November
1922-Surgeon
Christiaan Barnard, who performed the first heart transplant, in Beaufort West,
Cape of Good Hope Province, South Africa.
November
1885-General George
S. Patton, a force to be reckoned with during his WWII, service, in San
Gabriel, California. After being in harm’s way all through the war, he died of
injuries in an automobile accident in Heidelberg, Germany in December of 1945.
November
1840-Sculptor,
Auguste Rodin, in Paris.
November
1815-Suffragist
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, in Johnstown, New York.
November
1929-Grace Kelly, actress and later Princess Grace of
Monaco, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
November
1850-Author Robert
Louis Stevenson, in Edinburgh, Scotland.
November
1765-Robert Fulton,
steamboat inventor, in rural Pennsylvania.
November
1840-French painter,
Claude Monet, in Paris.
November
1887-Artist Georgia
O’Keefe, in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.
November
1831-James Garfield,
20th president of the United States, in Orange, Ohio.
November
1917-Indira Gandhi,
who became Prime Minister of India, in Allahabad, India.
November
1921-One of the first African American major league
players, Roy Campanella, in Philadelphia. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
November
1889-Astronomer Edwin
Hubble, in Marshfield, Missouri.
November
1925-Robert Kennedy,
brother of President John Kennedy, in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was also
assassinated in 1968 as he was campaigning for president himself.
November
1694-Author and
philosopher, Voltaire, in Paris.
November
1835-Financier Andrew
Carnegie, who donated our very own Rockland Public Library, in Dunfermline,
Scotland.
November
1846-Temperance
leader, Carry Nation, in Garrard County, Kentucky.
November
1607-Founder of
Harvard College, John Harvard, in London.
November
1853-Wild West lawman
and gambler, Bat Masterson, in Henryville, Quebec.
November
1820-German socialist
Friedrich Engels, in Barmen, Wuppertal, Germany. An associate of Karl Marx, he
edited the second and third volumes of Marx’s Das Kapital.
November
1832-Louisa May
Alcott, author of Little Women, in
Philadelphia.
November
1898-Author C.S.
Lewis, in Belfast, Ireland as Clive Staples Lewis.
November
1890-Former president
of France, Charles De Gaulle, in Lille, France.
November
1898-Barnstormer
Wiley Post, in Grand Plain, Texas.
November
1804-14th
President of the United States, Franklin Pierce, in Hillsboro, New Hampshire.
November
1859-Outlaw Billie
the Kid, in New York City. AKA Henry McCarty, and William H. Bonney.
November
1887-Horror film
actor Boris Karloff, in London as William Henry Pratt.
November
1784-12th
President of the United States Zachary Taylor, in Orange County, Virginia.
November
1868-Composer Scott
Joplin, in Texarkana, Texas
November
1874-Author Samuel
Clemens, whose pen name was Mark Twain, in Florida, Missouri.
November
1874-The infamous
Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England.
I hope you’ve enjoyed
our little trip through historical November.
Thanks for listening.